Only the combined use of different tools and technologies results in reliable protection. Firewalls are important components of basic protection, they prevent unauthorised access to your network. They can be hardware or software-based and monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on a set of predefined rules. An equally important basic element is malware or antivirus protection. This software helps to detect and remove malicious software (malware) from your system. It does this by scanning your files and processes for known malware signatures and behaviours. 

An intrusion detection system (IDS) is also helpful. It is used to detect and prevent unauthorised access to your network by monitoring network traffic for signs of suspicious activity. They work host- or network-based and analyse network traffic for signs of potential security breaches. An advanced level is the SIEM (Security Information and Event Management). This tool provides real-time support in managing and analysing security events from various sources. It can provide insight into potential security threats and help you take proactive measures. 

Data Loss Prevention (DLP) is a useful addition 

First and foremost are strong passwords and authentication mechanisms. Ensure that your systems require strong passwords and authentication mechanisms such as two-factor authentication or biometric verification to access sensitive data. Furthermore, limit access to sensitive data and systems to those who need it to perform their tasks. Implement role-based access controls and limit administrator privileges to authorised personnel. 

Encrypt sensitive data both in transit and in file repositories. In the event of data theft, this reduces the risk of misuse of that data. 

Firewall and intrusion prevention systems (IPS) also help to prevent unauthorised access and to detect and block malicious data traffic. 

Regular updates and patches are very important. Update your systems and applications regularly to close vulnerabilities and security holes that could be used for unauthorised access. Also implement security monitoring tools and processes to detect and respond to security incidents in real time. Don't forget to train your staff. Educate your staff on the importance of IT security and show them how to recognise and respond to security threats.

Incident response and emergency and crisis management are important components of the risk management strategy that every company should have. The following planning and procedures are necessary for this: 

An Incident Response Plan (IRP) is a documented set of procedures that describes the steps to be taken in the event of a security incident or data breach. The IRP should include incident identification and classification, the notification and escalation process, incident analysis, incident response and recovery processes. This should be complemented by a business continuity plan that outlines how an organisation will continue to operate during and after an emergency. It should include a detailed assessment of potential risks, procedures for data backup and recovery, and a communication plan to ensure that key staff are informed and able to act. It should also include the definition of relevant variables such as recovery time and maximum allowable downtime. Contingency and recovery plans should be regularly tested, reviewed and updated.

Composition of the Incident Response Team 
For exceptional situations, an Incident Response Team (IRT) should be established to ensure that incidents are identified and resolved quickly and efficiently. The IRT should consist of members from the IT, security, legal and management departments. Regular training and awareness-raising activities should ensure that all staff understand the incident response and disaster recovery procedures and their role in them.